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I just found that the throttle linkage is sticking open slightly and that there is no throttle return spring!! I'll be installing one. Maybe because it's staying open a little it's allowing too much gas in under starting conditions?
Very possible. If You find that is the problem and not the starter, you may want to consider a Gear Reduction Starter also. I'm going to install one soon on my 84 302 Auto.
The link below is informative (although it is a advertisement).
I just found that the throttle linkage is sticking open slightly and that there is no throttle return spring!! I'll be installing one
That's a red flag, and extremely dangerous. I'd back up and kind of give the whole carb the once-over since "somebody" in the past was a little careless. Have an assistant floor the pedal and observe down the carburetor, the butterflies should be perfectly vertical. Check for binding or sticking of the mechanical linkage, interfering with firewall, whatever through full travel.
Another thing to watch for in your cranking diagnostics, turn headlights on (helps if you're in a garage) right before turning to start. With good cables and such, they will dim a little bit momentarily, but not much. With bad cables and connections, they will choke out almost completely OFF, because all that current is being lost to waste. Another thing to do is run hand along cables after cranking. Loose or corroded will get hot or even melt insulation.