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The oxygen sensor needs to be at least 625 F (315 C) to function.
As an object begins to reach about 600 C (1100 F), it begins to glow red. The hotter it gets, the brighter it glows. I don't believe the exhaust system should ever get hot enough to glow. When the outlet of the cat glows, that is usually an indication that something isn't right.
So, I would deduce that your exhaust should be in the range of 300-600 C (600-1100 F). Does that seem reasonable?