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Studies have determined within 28 days of storage diesel fuel #2 begins to become contaminated and start to degrade. Diesel fuel can only be stored from 6 to 12 months on average — sometimes longer under the best conditions. Generally, to prolong the life of the quality of stored diesel fuel, it should be:
I found this helpful video showing the tear down of a 7.3L injector. There is a part 2 showing the reassembly and a rebuild kit that's available. I think this may be the best route given there are 3 internal o-rings.
Now, relative to diesel fuel going bad I think it depends on what is burning it. I have a 1979 Kubota tractor with a 3 cylinder diesel engine that sits for a year or 2 with fuel in the tank. I do sometimes add fresh fuel to it but not always. That little tractor will fire right up and not smoke or smell when the glow plugs are hot...it has a hole in the dash you put your finger over until it's too warm to keep it there to tell you the glow plugs are ready...and the starter rolls it over. These ole 7.3L power plants are about the same way...