Hey I have a second-hand 1972 ford f250 and I was wondering what type of oil I should use in an oil change?

 

10W30 any brand should work just fine.


John

 

Shell Rotella T, it has approximately 1200 ppm of zinc, it is good for these FE engines. It is primarily a Diesel oil but is just fine for any engine. Be sure to use a Motorcraft filter, you never go wrong with them.

 

You must have ZDPP for your engine. Another good oil is Quaker State's Defy High Mileage oil with enhanced ZDPP in 5/10W-30 depending on where you live. You can get it at Walmart for a good price.

 

Rich, Please tell me why we must have ZDPP in our engines.

How long until the engine fails when you don't run the additive?


John

 

stp oil treatment has the required ZDPP if you can't find the Rotella

 

I'm not Rich, The engine may never fail, but here is the reason why it needs ZDDP.

ZDDP: When, Where, What, Why, How?



The story of ZDDP is much like the story of hot rodding itself. Increases in power produce unexpected circumstances and the need to improve durability as well as performance.



By Dave Sutton


Government regulations and demands for lower emissions levels become more important than power and performance. Proven components are no longer acceptable and the inevitable changes occur – not always for the best.

Things seemed to be much simpler in the 1930s. Engine bearings were made from a soft tin/copper/antimony alloy, commonly referred to as babbit. This alloy is relatively inert chemically and has the ability to absorb small amounts of foreign particular material. But, as engine horsepower increased, babbit alloy surfaces proved to be inadequate to bear the increased loading on these surfaces.
Harder bearings of cadmium/silver, cadmium/nickel, and copper/lead construction were developed. These bearings were much stronger, but were not as chemically inert as babbit and could be attacked by the acids generated from oil oxidation. They were also unable to absorb foreign material such as grit and wear debris into the bearing material and improvements in oil filtration were developed.
Bearing corrosion inhibitors, anti-wear agents and acid inhibitor compounds were developed to protect these new bearings. Protection for bearings against both corrosive and mechanical wear was needed and many of these compounds served both functions. These compounds included sulfurized sperm oil, organic phosphates, dithiocarbonates and dithiophosphates. In 1941, the oil and gasoline additive company Lubrizol developed Zinc Dialkyl Dithio Phosphates, or ZDDP.

Commonly referred to simply as “Zinc” in today’s vernacular. ZDDP was first used in low concentrations (less than .3%) as a bearing passivator (meaning “to treat or coat a metal in order to reduce the chemical reactivity of its surface”). It also acts as an oil anti-oxidant. In addition, it was found to be a remarkably effective anti-wear agent, a true extreme pressure or EP additive for heavily loaded steel-on-steel sliding mechanisms such as camshafts and valve lifters or tappets.

For years, these additives provided sufficient anti-wear service in the early days of gasoline non-detergent motor oils. Diesel engines of the time, which generally operated at lower speeds and were more massively built, did not exhibit the same wear problems. But in a gasoline engine, the valve train is more heavily stressed due to the higher engine speeds.
This produces high sliding speed and friction between camshaft and lifters, which tend to be poorly lubricated since they are dependent on oil splash for lubrication. High impact loads also resulted from the reaction between cam lifter, pushrod, and the rocker.
Impacts in this system start at the camshaft and ending at the valve stem were increased in severity as valve spring pressures and thus loading increased. These loads cause scuffing from metal-to-metal contact. Small additions of additives such as ZDDP were sufficient to provide anti-wear protection for these mechanical parts.

Diesel engine oils contained detergent additives to combat the pollutants caused by diesel fuels and their combustion. There were many failures with heavy wear resulting particularly in the cam and tappets when attempts were first made to use diesel oils containing detergents or to introduce detergent additives into the oils of gasoline engines.

Theories abounded. It was erroneously thought that these detergents were either chemically attacking the metal or that these metallic compounds were actually abrading the metal surfaces. The problem is simply real estate – there is only so much metal surfaces for the boundary layer and anti-wear additives in the oil to attach.
And because most detergents do not have significant anti-wear capability, the surfaces become unprotected, and wear takes place where loads are the heaviest. To overcome this, a concentration of anti-wear additive, such as ZDDP, must be increased substantially to compete successfully with the detergent and get some measure of protection to these metal surfaces.
The American Petroleum Institute (API) standards for auto and diesel oils are represented by the alphabetical codes we see on the containers. The “S” is the automotive designation and this stands for “Service.” Heavy-duty diesel oils carry a “C” designation, which stands for “Commercial.”
Some are simply no longer useful: SA contains no additives and was designed for engines built before 1930; SB was for engines previous to 1951; SC for engines previous to 1967 and so on up to SH, now obsolete, which was for engines built in 1996 or older.

Today we can still find SJ-for 2001 and older automotive engines, SL-for 2004 and older automotive engines and the most current SM. The API service category for SM oil reads as follows:
“For all automotive engines currently in use. Introduced in 2004, SM oils are designed to provide improved oxidation resistance, improved deposit protection, better wear protection, and better low-temperature performance over the life of the oil. Some SM oils may also meet the latest ILSAC specification and/or qualify as Energy Conserving.”

In 1992, an API-rated SH oil contained 1,200 parts per million (ppm) of phosphorus; in 1996 SJ contained 1,000 ppm. It was not until 2001, when the rating went to SL, that we all started to see camshaft problems appear.

In 2001, SL-rated oil still contained 1,000 ppm of phosphorous, and it is the phosphorous that limits are set on. But this limits the amount of ZDDP an oil manufacturer can use. The rating was changed due to demands for increased engine cleanliness standards.
Higher levels of detergents were introduced to meet these standards and camshaft problems began. It was not until 2004, when SM rated oils, with their limited 800 ppm phosphorus were introduced, that cam failures greatly increased.
Why then, you ask, have API standards pushed for higher detergent levels and lower levels of ZDDP? ZDDP attacks or “poisons” catalytic converters. The same attraction properties that allow it to adhere to or “plate” cams and lifters also happens to the catalyst in converters, thus rendering them ineffective.
Conversely, detergents have the same “cleaning effect” on the catalyst as they do on metal surfaces inside the engine. I must point out that these phosphorus level mandates are on SAE 10W-30 and lower viscosity grades only.
Most higher viscosity grades have adopted lower phosphorus content levels, but it was not mandated. They still must meet the higher detergent and dispersant levels to meet the API cleanliness requirements of an SM rating.
The then-current CJ-4 rated diesel oil had a phosphorus limit of 1,200 ppm. There were no previous limits to the amount of phosphorus or sulfur in “C” rated oils. But the high level of detergents and dispersants in diesel oil still compete with the ZDDP for metal surface areas.

ZDDP is a “class” of additives today, not just one particular chemical. These additives are the predominant anti-wear agents. Because diesel engines tend to run considerably hotter around the piston rings, ZDDP tends to decompose and produces a lacquer on cylinder walls. But, because of their heavy duty design and superior metallurgy, they have fewer wear problems than their gasoline counterparts.
For simpler diesel oil, a more stable, less potent form of ZDDP can be used. When developing multipurpose motor oils, for gasoline engines and high-speed passenger car diesel engines, careful decisions must be made in selecting the form of ZDDP, or a balanced mixture of 2 or more types may be used.
This is also true when comparing break-in oil, API rated motor oils for street use and true racing oils. A different type or types are used to control the rate of time the additives work to “plate” and “maintain” their protective barrier shield.

Concerns for the poisoning effect caused by ZDDP to catalytic converters have caused restrictions for its use in some countries. Japan has maintained a maximum limit on phosphorus of 0.05% for many years, while most countries have a limit set at 0.1%. In October of 2010, API SN/ILSAC GF-5 oils hit the shelves.
The requirements for an SN rating are the same 800 ppm maximum of phosphorus, but a new test has been added. A phosphorus retention test that may require the use of different or alternative ZDDP compounds.
The effects of these alternate additives on older flat tappet camshafts and valve train are just beginning to be seen, but can include roller camshaft wear! More changes are slated to come. California is even debating legislation that would require the complete removal of some additives, including ZDDP.
Some of today’s motor oils can have strong negative effects on older, non-roller lifter design engines as we all have found. It becomes more important as valve train loads increase to use oils that are designed specifically for flat tappet camshafts, as in the use of high performance camshafts and high-pressure valve springs.


Dave Sutton’s sources for this column include Lake Speed, Jr – Certified Lubrication Specialist & Member of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers; The American Petroleum Institute web-site; Main GF-5 Site Home website; and the “SAE Automotive Lubricants Reference Book.” You can reach Dave at dsutton@enginebuildermag.com.

 

A few years back someone got all hot & bothered by Fram oil filters. I had several hundred thousand miles on the road in several vehicles using them for years, so I stopped. Every time I go to the oil section of a store those orange boxes are still there.

Now it's oil, if it's not Plum Snapple ZYX3 in the oil my truck is gonna die next week or maybe next year.

I come here every day, I am still waiting to to read my engine failed because I had an orange oil filter or didn't have ZYX3 additive in it.

I like to feel that I am somewhat up on the happenings of today and have a hard time believing all the parts houses, Walleysworld, and others are selling thousands of gallons of motor oil daily that is killing my truck.

Folks would be chaining class action law suits together to get some Justice from the nasty oil companies.

my 2



John

 

--I agree , I'v never had an oil filter go bad if installed correctly . Been changing all of my vehicals, tractors ect. oil since about 1956 and have used a lot of " fram" brand too.
As far as the oil discussion , i have read on forums where somebody has ruined the cam and lifters in a new engine and claim is was the oil. When they probably never broke the new cam in right to begin with. Well having said that my truck will probably blow up today because of the wrong oil or filter, darn. __

 

Regarding Jowilker's comment on the orange filters:
I had problems for years with those filters on my I6 which has a horizontal filter. The issue was the leakdown valve in the filter. It allowed the oil in the filter to drain away and it took a few seconds of rod banging on startup to refill the filter and get up oil pressure. I believe it shortened the life of the engine which wore out rod bearings at about 75,000 miles of gentle driving. I have changed to Motorcraft filters and no longer have the problem.
With motors like the 390 or C**** small block which have vertical filters, drain back is not an issue.
Just an observation.

 

You have to use what best works for your application and not what the hype says you "have" to use or risk obliteration of reality.

I can see a use for the ZDDP oil or additive for break-in on rebuilds but serves little to no purpose after. It won't hurt it won't hurt it to use but is not necessary.

As far as the filters go, depending on application you need the leakdown valve to keep your engine from dry cranking. My 300 i6 is one of these. There are plenty of filters that have it, and plenty that don't. Find what works for your application.

 

Go to youtube and search fram oil filters , then you decide if it's worth the risk .
same goes with zdpp , oil had it in it until recently they took it out as engines got roller cams etc .
i buy the stp additive ,or the rotella small price to pay to be safe

 

The OP wants to change oil in a second hand (used) truck, not break in a new engine. Until I see evidence that not using the additive is killing old Ford engines in a few thousand miles, I am going to keep recommending to buy your favorite brand10W30 and oil filter.

I am convinced the courts would be filled with folk wanting justice if the oil was killing their pet vehicle.



John

 

el barato se convierte en caro

lol