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I have a buddy that has a 7.3 is one of their trucks at work. The other day they started up the truck for the day and turned in the windshield wipers. The wipers made it halfway across the the windshield and stopped. Along with the rest of the truck. Now they cannot get it to start or do anything. Any one have any ideas so we can get this thing going.
Sounds like you checked all the easy stuff. the rest is gonna be hard with out some kind of scan tool like AE.
The next thing I would look at is the fuel system. While cranking is there plenty of smoke coming from the exhaust? If not your probably not getting fuel. Could be blocked screen in tank if the hutch mod hasn't been done, or the fuel pump could have went out, or could need a new filter.
Drain the fuel from the filter housing then close the drain and turn the key on for about 10 seconds then back off, do this about 5 or 6 times then open the drain again and see if anything comes out. Might be good to have someone under the truck while your doing this to listen to or feel the pump to see if it's coming on.
Here is a thread about hard start troubleshooting though its mostly cold start stuff. Might want to check glow plugs and relay too. though I doubt it's that since you said it fired then died.