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Sure, as long as you don't plan to BOLT it to the 302, you can set it behind, beside, on top, whatever.
The 6R80E uses an integral bell housing matching the bell pattern of the modular engines. Thus, it will not bolt up to the 302 or any other patterned engine.
This outfit does not list adaptors for this combo, but maybe they would make you one, and then you could see if someone would make you a controller.