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What's the CCA rating on the battery? Sometimes you just need a bigger battery. Another item that often seems to get overlooked is the size of the battery cables. Ford used undersized cables on many applications and often a switch to heavier-gauge cables will clear up a sluggish starting problem. As Hemi said, crank it over and then feel for heat anywhere in the cables, like at all the connections and in the cables themselves.
And definitely check the starter. Even though it's not that old, it could be defective. I've seen them eat through the nosecone bushings pretty quickly before, and then the armature drags, causing it to turn over very slowly.
Your title answers itself. It's in the battery and the weather. This cold weather will do that to a battery. I had the problem the other morning. I hadn't driven my truck in a couple of days, and it had been getting down to 10 and 13 degrees overnight. My truck turned over a couple of times. I had to boost it off. My battery is too small for my truck, IMO. It is rated at something like 525 or 550 cold cranking amps.
What is your cold cranking amp rating? If you want, get a bigger battery, one pushing 650 or more CCA.
You can test the starter in the vehicle, get a load tester and hook it to the battery. Have someone cranking it while you're watching the load tester. If it goes down to 9.5 volts or less then either you have a poor connection between the starter and the solenoid/battery or the starter itself is bad. To rule out the cables would be to hook up the load tester directly to the hot lead on the starter and ground the tester on a known good ground and then check. If it still goes to 9.5 or lower then its def your starter.
Rezvani's Latest Post-Apocalyptic Monster Is a Ford F-150 Raptor Underneath
Slideshow: Called the Fortress, the 850-horsepower pickup combines Raptor underpinnings with military-inspired features, survival equipment, and a starting price of $285,000.