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How did I know you were going to focus on the occasional ice storm, which in proportion to heavy downpours, are almost non-existent? Whatever. I'm not arguing with you over my desire for convenience, or whether or not I have to get in or out of my truck at some point.
The early style locking hubs do require vacuum to disengage; in fact more than it takes to engage. If you take it apart it has a spring loaded mechanism, like the latch on an old stereo cabinet door. It has to be pushed to close, and pushed to open. There's a video with a guy testing the 4x4 hub engagement, and he put a gauge on the system and shows how it works. Thought I had it saved but can't find it.
I have owned 4x4s since I could drive and I have never needed to use 4x4 in the rain, and we get a lot of rain here. The hubs you described are what they used on the late 90s Rangers, the Superduty auto hubs don't work that way, they require constant vacuum to keep them locked, take away the vacuum and they unlock, so if you are in 4x4 with the hubs in auto and a vacuum line gets torn or comes loose then the hub will kick out and you are back into 2wd until you manually lock the hub.
Rezvani's Latest Post-Apocalyptic Monster Is a Ford F-150 Raptor Underneath
Slideshow: Called the Fortress, the 850-horsepower pickup combines Raptor underpinnings with military-inspired features, survival equipment, and a starting price of $285,000.