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I had some shuddering during braking so I took the wheel off and didn't notice anything at first then I stood up....the back side (toward engine) was thin as a sheet of paper and the brake pad was gone. I shouldn't have let it get this far but I always just checked the outside because our calipers are free floating they should wear even.
Main question. What could cause one side to wear and not the other?
probably means the caliper guide pins are in need of service - either desperately in need of lubrication, or could be slightly bend or galled.
take out both brake pads, put the caliper back on and you should be able to move it in and out by hand until it touches the disc in each direction. if not, something is wrong with the pins.
its been a while since I've done it, but I believe if you just pull one of the pins the caliper will swing up on the other pin and you can get the pads out. I think you want to remove the front pin as the brake hose is in the rear of the caliper. to remove the pin, you unscrew it like a regular bolt - its basically just a shoulder bolt with a very long shoulder. if you don't get enough clearance to remove the pads, you may have to pull both pins. the pads will the slide toward the center of the caliper and eventually fall out. I forget if the come out the top or bottom, but it should be obviously once you get to this point.
if you do completely separate the caliper from the disc, have some wire handy to hang it from the shock tower. you don't want to just let it hang from the brake hose as you can break the hose and have a big mess and a lot more work on your hands...
I think some of them have pins you have to knock through depending on the year, I know my 97 has regular bolts, just pull them both out and you should be able to stick a prybar and get the caliper off, pull the pins and grease them up good, and stick them back in and you should be good. JP has you on the right track!
^^^^^ +1; any surface that involves movement as the pads wear should get brake grease; otherwise you risk exactly what the OP is experiencing. It's NEVER sufficient to look at just one pad for inspection, as the most common malfunction of disc brakes is failure of the caliper to float, leading to excess wear of the inboard pad.
Update.....I put a good used rotor and pads on ( off my parts truck....free parts are great!!!!) And put high performance lube (3000 F) on the pad clips and inside the boots on the slide pins. No more thumping! The brakes seem a little squishy. I am assuming that that is just because there was some oxidation on the replacement rotor and pads. I don't think there can be air in the lines because I never disconnected any brake lines. Thanks for all the help you guys are great!!!
If you want to take it one step further, try a zero loss brake booster,
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