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the fuel pickup is part of the sending unit. it is a metal tube that goes close to the bottom of the tank, then has some type of a filter element on it.
the fuel return is usually part of the sending unit assembly too. a pipe that just returns unused fuel back into the tank.
the fuel pump draws fuel out of the tank through the pickup tube, sends it to the diesel injection pump, which then sends it out to the injectors. on top of each injector is a return rail system that collects the unused fuel and returns it back to the tank.
Ok that makes sense. So now that system from the tank to the pump isn't pressurized at all, it's actually acting under a "vacuum" from the fuel pump then. Would there be any problems that would arise from pressuring that feed system to the back of the fuel pump? Like adding a fuel pump to act as a primer?
Yeah don't do that. It won't help at all. Buy one good e-pump and run fuel line from the pickup to the e-pump. There are push and pull type pumps. Adding a second pump might seem like a good idea, but if one fails it isn't guaranteed to not inhibit the other pump. Mount a ~$100 facet lift pump and attach it to the tank with $15 of hose and you won't have problems.
Perhaps a different/supplemental take on the pickup unit: Two tubes going into the tank, one facilitates the lift pump sucking from the bottom of the tank. The other facilitates dumping unused fuel from the injectors back to the top of the tank (by bottom and top I mean relative to the internal fuel level). Has a fuel level sensor/sender incorporated.
You could theoretically accomplish the same thing by manually pushing a feed and return line into separate holes you drill into the tank while using the current pickup/sending unit to feed the dash gauge (not advised).