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Nitrogen is also lethal to humans in high concentrations. Essentially with Nitrogen or CO2, you drwon since there is no Oxygen to breathe.
Properly handled both gases are safe.
How cold are you talking?
Most places needing cold gas use Nitrogen since it is easier to transport since it is in bottles as a liquid. CO2 is also transportable in bottles( I think as a gas) or as a solid, dry ice. CO2 in bottles takes up a lot of space Liquid Nitrogen doesn't.
There are commercial Nitrogen kits available, but they are expensive.
Either gas can be had thru commercial suppliers but unless your quantity is decent, they may not want to talk to you. Air Liquide is one comapny I know of but they deliver tanker fulls. I think they are in the yellow pages under bottled gas.
Can liquid nitrogen be stored for a long time in a small tank? (leakage) Does it have to be refrigerated?
It doesn't have to be too cold, around 0 F is fine. Liquid nitrogen is actually too cold for my application and I actually need to find a way to "warm" it up first before using.
A need a temperature like the air outside on a cold winter day.
What quantity are you needing? Tanker full, 50 lbs, 1 lb? Compressed air dusters will expel a liquid that will evaporate rapidly enough to freeze whatever it is sprayed on... if you hold them upside down while spraying. The gas itself isn't cold, unless it's been refridgerated; it's the expansion of the gas that cools, or in the case of a liquid, the rapid evaporation of the liquid that draws heat away. Any gas that displaces breathable air is dangerous.
What you are trying to do with it would help us determine how to reply. For example, are you eventually discharging it to the atmosphere or reusing it.
I was at a club last weekend that just used CO2 bottles filled with compressed atmospheric air to blow confetii and stuff into the air. The rapid expansion of the air may be enough to cool what you want.
I like Mil1ions Idea of LP gas, is good around smokers.
I will secong the question: What is the application for?
You can make any gas cold. Air is non toxic. If you want work involved there's a project you can do. Wrap an air compressor in copper roll tubing and braze the ends to a good working air condtioning unit's coolant connections eliminating the coil then recharge the system. and if that is not cold enough add a clamp over pin valve on air output side connect a 1/4 inch copper line to a water source and that will drop the temp even more. It is like taking a can of compressed air and turning it upside down and spraying it.
I'm voting for Nitrogen for safety reasons. But since we still don't know what you are using it for, all this advice is pretty much useless.
Oh, to answer your questions about storing it in small bottles, Nitrogen, CO2, Helium, propane, etc should be fine as long as you are using the right bottles. You should be able to store them for years with no noticable pressure loss.
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