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RNE, you're right about people using VW engines in ultra-lights. Another popular engine is the Subaru flat-four. The 1.8's were used for a while and now the 2.5's are pretty popular.
i say the old 2 stroke detroits made for tanks before ww2 and still used in busses today
used to be used in heavy trucks
also in industrial apps.
i think they came in 3-52 4-52 4-71 6-71 8-71 6-92 and 8-92 in turbo and non turbo and i think there might have been bigger ones for cranes and such
yeah, they made all sorts of configurations for detroits. FYI if someone doesn't know already, if you see lets say a 6-71. the first number is how many cylinders it has, the second is the displacement per cylinder. Anyways, I know they made....lets see how many I remember, 2-53, 3-53, 4-53 (this is what I was planning on putting in the dodge pickup instead of the 240), 6-53, 1-71, 2-71, 4-71, 6-71, 8-71, 12-71, 12-92, 16-92.....anyways, there was all sorts of configurations, some were inlines, some were v's, some had turbos, twin turbos, aftercoolers. I think they even made a 16-149. figure out the displacement on that one lol. I had the chance at buying a 12-71 (around 450 hp, naturally aspirated) a couple years ago, was going to put it in my International, but didn't have the money. Another thing is if you ever desire to put a blower on a gas motor, the blowers usually are either a 6-71 or 8-71. It is sometimes cheaper to go to a truck salvage place and see if you can find one. You can buy the manifold to bolt to it. Just might be a little cheaper going that route. Might have said too much. The motor that is in the International right now is a 6-71n motor out of an old well driller.
Interesting question. The 221 came out in 1962 in the Fairlane rated at 145 hp. Bore was 3.5, 2.87 stroke. Later that year bore went up .030 to net 260ci. Then of course came the 4.0 x 2.87 289 etc etc. So my guess would be the small block V8's, started in 62 and AFAIK they were putting 302's in Explorers up until about 96.
The 302 5.0L was used in the Explorer/ Mountaneer until late 2000 (maybe early '01). I worked in Fords' casting plant and cast some of the last 5.0L block in September 2000. They continued 5.0L production longer than planned becasue the Mod motors did not fit in the Explorer without an additional redesign for space.