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To find a bad injector loosen one injector line at a time while the engine is running. If the injector is bad it won’t make much of a difference in changing the idle. If it makes a big difference that injector is good, tighten the line up and move to the next one. Wrench is a 5/8 iirc.
About the injection pump, I’m not sure there is a way without sending to a rebuilder. Someone with more experience should chime in soon.
How many miles on the engine? Or indicated on the spedo?
Injectors and IP are good for around 150K miles. They are a wear item.
Only way to see how good an Injector is, is to pull them and have them
POP tested to see how the spray pattern is and to see at what pressure
they Pop at. It is around 1800psi.
You can drive on many miles on injectors and IP and the engine will keep
on going, just not as efficient. One indicator of a worn pump, is when the
engine has been run and things are hot. You will have a difficult or a no start.
Pour cool water on the pump (Not Ice cold) .
If she fires up, its the pump.
As 90Ford73 mentioned, crack each fuel line at the Injector to see if there is
a change in the idle of the engine. When you loosen the line, you will have some
Diesel leaking from the line.
It is kind of like pulling a Spark plug wire from a gas engine to see where a faulty
plug is.