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I have a like new 2009 F250 Lariat with a 6.4 diesel. I have personally maintained the truck since it was new. Age and wife asked me to have service performed by a local garage. We have no local diesel shop. They know about as much about diesel as I do woman. Long story short. They serviced my truck including oil (full syn), oil filter, both fuel filters and cleaning K & N air filter. Plus inspect all other fluids and heavy wear components. Next day we hit the road for a 3,000 mile vacation pulling our fifth wheel. Fifty miles into trip I have 90% loss in power. Diagnostics says #4 fuel injector failure. I think my garage did not clean the fuel filter properly. My way is to remove upper cap, then filter. Go under truck open yellow value to drain fuel from upper filter canister and line and then remove lower filter. I think my mechanic did it out of order and dirt got in injector. Am I on track and if so, how do I prove it, or just look for a new garage? Had to cancelled trip.
Injectors fail for different reasons. What code did it throw? I had a 6.4 owner with a intermittent injector issue come to me. It would start and run fine. After a short drive it would start missing. Shut the engine off and restart it would be good again. I scanned the truck and no codes. Ran a cylinder contribution test and it was fine. We let the truck run for about 10 minutes and it started missing. Ran the contribution test again and cylinder number one was dead. Checked codes again and no indication of electrical or mechanical failure. Restarted truck again and it was running smooth. I gave him a injector out of a known running engine I had in a F550 I needed to replace engine in and he installed it. That was 6 months ago and it's still running fine today.
Bottom line is your issue could be a injector just decided to quit on you, a wiring issue to the connector, or a possibility that the fine screen in the injector is clogged. Like Denny said above, it most likely isn't the fuel filter change that did it.
Pull the injector and have it tested to be sure.
FWIW, the truck this happened in has 52k actual miles on it. You may not have a miles issue but a time issue. It's hard to tell.
Hard to put a cost on it depending on where you are and what the local labor rates are. I just had a friend break a belt on his class a Sportsman motorcoach and it cost him $1500.00 to replace it at the local Freightliner facility. They charge $190.00 per hour.
So that being said the book time to replace all four injectors on the right side of engine is 4.4 hours. That doesn't mean 1 injector would be 1 hour since there is valve cover removal and other components. I would count on the 4 hour labor charge at the minimum. The fuel injector price varies by supplier. Hope this helps.