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There was no reason to crawl under the truck. The axle code is on the VIN sticker, on the bottom. Isn’t the DANA listed as 3H?
At that point, we were trying to determine Dana or Sterling. Looking at the diff cover is the easiest method to determine that. The axle code doesn't necessary convey which brand. It just states ratio and whether standard/LS/EL. 3H is 3.31s with EL. Build a F250 with 3.31s and EL and HCTP isn't required. One would think the Axle Code might reveal the brand but apparently not.
Just for clarity, the ratings people deciphered were based primarily on the footnotes. Prior to 2020, the standard F-250 had a GVWR of 10,000 lbs. In some areas/states, there are financial penalties for registering vehicles with GVWR of 10,000 lbs or more. So, there is an option to order the F-250 with a 9,900 GVWR rating.
If you look at your chart, there are three possible tow ratings for your truck's basic config (4WD, Crew Cab, 8' bed). The line you have highlighted has footnote (1) on the line. If you look below, that states that these numbers are for trucks that have the 9,900 lb GVWR option. Your white door jamb sticker shows that yours is rated for the standard 10,000 lbs GVWR. Thus, this line doesn't apply; you highlighted the wrong line.
The line immediately below the line you have highlighted has the standard F-250 rating. No footnotes. As H20 has stated, this is the line that applies to your truck.
At the bottom of the chart is the third possibility and has footnote (2). This footnote explains that this much higher rating is for those with the High Capacity Tow Package. The axle discussion proves that you truck isn't equipped with this. So, again, the standard F-250 line applies. 13,200 lbs.
Definitely not. That's not what the chart says in any way. The chart merely states what the truck is rated for and is silent on the nature of the consequences for towing over weight. Generally, placing too much weight on a truck isn't immediately catastrophic. Rather it is gradual, cumulative, and insidious. Don't conflate the lack of an immediate failure with empirical evidence that everything is OK.
its more about liability. Operating an overloaded vehicle is negligent. If you exceed any of the manufacturers ratings YOU are increasing your exposure (and decreasing the manufacturers). The more you have, the more you have to lose.