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I would think somewhere near TDC, depending on oil temperature. In reality there are probably only a hand full of people that really know as that is embedded in the PCM code. Since detonation can't occur until fuel delivery there is no "just before", unless you use some chemical injected into the air intake system for hard/no starts conditions, a very bad idea on our diesels.
When is the fuel actually injected into the cylinder during the compression stroke? Just after intake valve closes?or is it just before detonation?
I am no expert but I am going to try to dissect this....The injection cannot happen after the intake closes(on the piston) b/c it is closed. It must be before detonation (or detonation won't take place). I would think it does not inject on the exhaust round (or it would lose fuel). Maybe at the bottom of the cycle and starts when the piston is coming back up when the valve exhaust is closed? just a shot in the dark
ok quick lesson on 4 stroke diesels. In the most basic sense, here is how it works
1) intake: piston travels down, intake valve is open and exhaust valve is closed
2) compression: intake valve closes and piston is traveling upward compressing the air making it very hot
3) power: all valves closed, fuel injection begins as the piston is nearing top dead center on the compression stroke and continues for x number of degrees of crankshaft rotation, explosion pushes piston downwards
4) exhaust: exhaust valve opens as piston moves upward letting exhaust gases escape