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You need to check the fuel pressure to find out where you stand.
It should be 32 PSI at idle and should go to about 42-45 PSI when you pull the vacuum hose off the nipple of the FPR (Fuel Pressure Regulator).
You check the fuel pressure at the bleed valve on the fuel manifold (rail) with a gauge and a cold engine.
You can get the Fuel Pressure Gauge at most auto part stores.
Some have reported using a dial tire gauge but it does not always work.
EDIT:
When you pull the vacuum hose off the FPR there should be no sign of fuel. If there is the FPR is bad.
Could be 1 or more components lacking in accuracy & performance yet still functioning within acceptable range. Coolant temp sensor,slow switching O2 sensors, Contaminated MAF sensor (if applicable). EGR ports are usually with some level of partial to complete port blockage due to deposit buildup. And there' always loose Vac hoses, PCV function or air bypass of & intake air restriction courtesy of a dirty air filter. Going to a higher octane would be like throwing legweights to someone already having problems keeping their head above water. Introducing Seafoam, 2/3 can through a Vac hose (like the powerbrake assist line) while idleing at normal op. temp. then immediately shutting off allowing it to soak into deposit buildup for 10 or 15 minutes,tossing the remainder in your tank will give you better results. The Lucas product is a great maintanence additive once the bulk of the contaminant buildup is eliminated from the surfaces within the combustion chambers. Toss a can of SeaFoam in with your oil prior to change, it's surpriseing what oozes out when the drain plug is removed! Anyway, scan results should help point you in the best direction to proceed.