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It's a sensor in the intake tube, just after the air box, and on the V10, right IN the air box, that has two filaments in it. The PCM passes current through them, which heats them up, and depending on how fast air is moving over these filaments, the PCM can measure the resistance (which varies by temperature) and figure out how much air is actually making it's way into the engine.
If they get dirty, the sensor no longer reads correctly, saying there is less air getting into the engine. Less air, less gas. Meaning, it runs lean. The dirtier the MAF, the leaner it runs.
To clean it, you remove it from the air box, and spray with MAF cleaner. Yes, they actually sell it now.
Guys? Anyone with a link to a MAF clean procedure?
If you remove and douse it you'll get it cleaner then you can manage with everything still assembled. I tried it all still assembled with minimal results, tried it again taken apart when I did the plugs and ohhh what a difference (of course I also had new plugs :> )
I use CRC MAF cleaner. Some brake or carb cleaners can soften plastic so be careful. Taking the MAF out of the truck is the best way to do it. There are 3 wires and cleaner should be shot at a few different angles to clean it properly.
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