Design Engine Life
B probably represents "bearing" (my guess) and the subscript of 10 or 50, or any other number, represents the percentage of samples in operation that can be expected to fail in the service interval stated. Therefore, B10 refers to 10% of the samples failing; B50 means 50% fail, and most observers equate that to average life. For engines, B10 life means that at the specified time in hours or miles, 10% of the samples will have required major repair. Conversely, 90% of the samples can be expected to go for a longer time before repair. So, an engine predicted to have a B10 life of 300,000 miles means that 10% of the engines in service can be expected to need significant repair at, or before, 300,000 miles.
Here, we need a brief definition of "significant repair". In the analysis of engine Bx life, International considers a significant repair to be one where the engine requires replacement of internal parts needed to restore the engine to proper performance, fuel economy, or oil consumption. It is most easily defined as repairs that require removal of the cylinder head(s) or oil pan to gain access to those parts. It doesn't refer to repair or replacement of "external" parts such as accessory drive components, coolant pump, fuel system, etc




