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My recently aquired 1 owner 83' Bronco, 300 with C-6, 106,000 original miles, has engine rattle when cold sometimes for several miles, then other times when cold makes no noise at all. When warm weather it hardly ever does it. I thought it was a rocker arm but now I am thinking lifter is sticking sometimes. It sat for 10 months to a year before I purchased it. Using 10-30 Valvoline in it, and considering putting a quart of Rislone in motor for a while, then maybe put Rotella 15-40 in it after that. Hoping that will free this problem up. It has been running smooth since I tuned her up and rebuilt carb and new vacuum lines, also had cat. converter cut out, no emissions where we live; just this on and off rattle. Any other ideas on this will sure be of help.
If you are not using Motorcraft oil filter you might try it. Cold oil may not be flowing freely through the filter but dumping back into the crankcase. There have been several posts here that it fixed the start up ticking on 302 engines so it might work on your 300. You did not say where you are and how cold it has been but I prefer lighter weight oil year around even where it seldom gets in the twenties for better start up oil flow until the oil stabilizes. Another personal preference is Mobil Clean High Mileage 10W-30 from the zone. Fearing that an additive may break something loose and clog an oil gallery I switched to it last year on my 162K 351 to slow a rear main or oil pan leak which it did. It has about 12% more detergents than regular oil. The first oil change produced the blackest, nastiest oil I have ever seen so it may clean your lifters. Be aware that oil consumption may increase for awhile until the rings reseat after the crud removal. Mine is back to normal now at the bottom of the hash marks when oil change is due now. The 300 engine has legendery reliability so you are good to go for years.
Pulled my Pennzoil Filter off and put Motorcraft on and new 10-30 oil with 1 quart Rislone, but no change; still have a rattle when cold, but goes away when engine warms up. I am going to pull valve cover off and see if one of rocker arms is loose, that is what I suspect. The Pennzoil filter seems to have a good drainback valve like Motorcraft, I have been using both kinds of filters for years. I put a new PCV valve on also.
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