Silly quations....
1. Blink codes (obd-1)
2. L-line
3. k-line (the most popular way in OBD-2), used not only for Engine and Tranny ECUs of cars and trucks, but for auxialy heaters, tracktor and trailer ABS/EBS.... this is the most popular way.
4. CAN, but CAN is used generally for internal communication, and if you have no CAN adaptor you can use K-line to communicate to the car, but CAN is much faster.
Here you can see OBD-II pin assigment http://www.troublecodes.net/OBD2/
Every company has it's diagnostic programm, Mercedes - DAS, Volvo trucks - VCADs, VW - VAG Tool, and it is amaizing, but all they use COM port (RS 232), becouse it is easy to convert its signal to K-line standard.
There are compact scanners, like GM Tech-2 ore Mercedes HHT, they have symbol displays only, and there are no wiring diagrams inside.....
I don't really know what a programm Ford use.... There are many stolen programs, but I did not look for them..... now....
There are optic lines in Audi and BMW, because they are faster, there is OBD-3 project, that includes OBM (on bord measurement), and OBD-3 may be used with wireless connection..... but I have a quation - what a reason to design new OBD-3 if we can use USB...... this is the best way.... just make new diagnostic programs.....




