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1989 to present. Maybe even before that. I know the 6.9 came out in 85 or 86, with the 7.3 a few years later. You're going to want to look for a 94 or newer E250/350 club wagon with a power stroke.
I just got a 2003 E350 EWB cargo with a 7.3L last week it has 49k so for so good. Bought a new set of tires shop said all 4 ball joints are shot. Still getting use to the diesel but I am hooked the power is good and am ready for some mods.
E4ODs. One was a jasper, the others were stock. Plus my partner has a Dodge, and I killed the trans in that. They are all in the last few years. Before that a C6 and a 5 speed. They were about ten years ago. Before that some C4s. Now when I buy a truck, (which are all used), I just take it and have the trans done with BEEF, no matter what shape it is in.
I'm not sure "failed" is the right word. I killed them with work. I overload, and tow a lot.
In a non work truck, just for transportation, they might have been ok.