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My 54 has a brand xx BB V8. Previous owner installed an electric fuel pump on the firewall and the tank is under the bed. I recently had it in the shop, and the mechanic said most times the elec fuel pump is mounted close to the tank to 'push' the fuel vs. 'pulling' to the carb. I'm replacing the fuel line soon, and wonder if this is worth re-locating. FYI, my buddy and I tested the flow at the carb and it seems just fine.
PUSH...absolutely! The fuel pump should be located as close to the tank as possible and below it, so that it is primed by gravity. In a rear tank location, mount it on the frame rail near (and below) the tank. My 56, with the stock tank in the cab, uses a Carter electric pump under the floor.
True's dat in da backa da bus!
If it isn't so equipped you may need to add a fuel pressure regulator after moving it, it may develop a lot more pressure.
AFAIK High pressure in tank pumps came along with EFI. didn't need high pressure for carbs, so mechanical diaphram pumps did just fine. Out of tank electric pumps were for multicarbed or mech FI racing engines (but they tended to still be diaphram style)where volume was the need, not pressure. They put the HP pumps in the tank because the rotary vane style pump needed to produce the pressure required tended to heat up and heat the gas. The return line bathes them in a shower of gasoline, and they have an auto shutoff that turns them off before the tank goes completely dry. Used to be you'd get a sputtering warning before the engine quit from running out of fuel, but now they just suddenly shut off...
There were some in-tank carb pumps from early 80's cars, where they had a low-line carb'd engine as base and an EFI "premium" engine; i.e., Chrysler had 2.2L carb'd, TBI, and turbo with MPFI, so they had in-tank pumps for all three situations, with appropriate pressures. I don't know if there were any V8's with in-tank carb-pressure pumps, but a GM TBI pump would only be about 10 - 12 psi, which could be regulated down, as long as you have a return line. How to mount it correctly would be the issue.