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That's an easy one.
Crawl up under the driver's side of the truck and look at the studs that hold the 3rd member in the axle housing. On one of those studs you will see a little metal tag. Scrape off the grease and grime and you will see numbers and letters. The tag will be aproximately 1" X 3". There will be 2 rows of numbers. Look at the bottom row nearest to the stud. The first section of numbers will tell you 2 things. (1) the gear ratio of the 3rd member (2) and whthere it is traction loc or not. For example....if your looking at a tag for a 3.25 gear set that is an open differential, it will read: 3.25. If your looking at that same tag and it is a traction loc rear axle, it will read: 3L25. A (.) is open, and an (L) is traction loc.
Doc
How many of these tags are still around after 28 years? Sometimes I have gotten lucky and found the tag on an old axle, but sometimes I can't find anything.
traction loc is a for trade name just jack up the rear end spin the wheels if they both go the same wat its got trac.locf if they spin oppisit ways its open if your still in dought hold one wheel spin the other if it spins its an mopen diff if itr doesn't its a locked unit
trac-loc = Ford , positraction =Chrysler corp , limited slip = GM all the same thing
I think the Dana Spicer trade name is Powr-Lok. Right?
My 1977 F250 is supposed to have a locker, by the number on the door plate. But it acts like an open differential; if you step on it on grass, one wheel spins.
Dana Spicer list their L.S. as Trac-Loc (the cheaper version) and Powr-Loc (the more expensive version). That is their name not Fords. The difference in L.S. names is from the manufacture of the rear end not necessary the vehicle its in. For instance if you have a Dana spicer rear end in a Ford, Dodge, or Chevy the L.S. would either be a Trac-loc or a Powr-Loc. Most vehicles with Dana Spicer reareds came with the Trac-loc from the factory because they were cheaper. But I have seen some Powr-locs in heavy duty trucks from the factory.
Leadmic
With a rig as old as mine, "open it up and look" would be the most reliable approach. The door plate indicates it left the factory with limited slip of some sort, but it acts like an open diff. It may not be the original axle.
I have seen a lot of worn out locking diffs act like open diffs and I have even seen worn out open diffs act somewhat like a locker when the spiders bind up. It is difficult to tell without an inspection or a tag.
That's logical advice. I bought a gasket, and have been planning to order some Redline 75-90 gear oil and make a change. Just haven't gotten around to it. Once it's off the ground in the shop, it will be easy to sort things out.
The only diff between Powr-Loc and Trac-Loc is the case design. Powr-Loc's are two peice bolted together and Trac-Loc's are one peice cases. I just bought and installed new guts in my 1977 F-250 Trac-Loc differential. You can still get the internal guts from Dana for about $155 at drivetrain.com for 30 spline axles as in a 77 F-250 2wd