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I just bought a 1989 F-250 460 EFI with 92K miles and when I turn on the A/C it does not blow cold, which I am guessing means it needs to be recharged? Additionally, it also seems to affect the power of the engine when you turn the A/C and/or defroster on at all. It makes the engine lurch when either is on. Any suggestions on what that might be? Or should I just recharge it and get used to the affect it has on the engine?
The lurching doesn't sound good at all. There's a pressure switch in the freon line which is supposed to keep the A/C clutch from engaging if you lose your freon pressure. The freon carries the oil needed to lube the compressor. If the switch is not working, the compressor will turn without lubricant and eventually fail. Fist thing to do is pop the hood (with the engine off!), try turning the compressor over by hand. If its tight, its toast.
If you don't know A/C systems, you will likely do more damage than good by working on the system. Troubleshoot the electrical part, switches, fuses, etc. If you need to go beyond that, learn A/C or get help.
You can get certified to work on motor vehicle A/C online, EPA section 608. There are many good manuals out there that explain the workings of A/C.
When you understand subcool and superheat and why moisture is an A/C system's enemy, then you are on your way.
the "lurching" is your compressor cycling on and off when you put the selector in A/C or Defrost. It does put a small to moderate load on your engine.
Get the system checked at a shop, and have it changed over to R-134. It will be cheaper than trying to repair the system and then getting R-12 put back into it. R-12 is getting prohibitively expensive for the average joe to get put in. The R-134 works almost as good.