Hypothetical
Yes, I am old
north of 65...
been wrenching on cars since I was 13...
and the internet ( folks ) are mostly uninformed.. but offer bad (Poor) advice.
towing heavy 50 percent of the time or mountains often... 4.30
the 6.2L and 3:73 is very capable.
my total rig weight is 17,000 pounds. ( cat scaled )...my truck has 152,000 miles.
April 2017 .. trip,, 1,800 miles in 4 days... south Texas to N.E. Ohio not one issue.
I departed Texas at 101 degrees and arrived in Ohio in 33 degrees... and 6 inches of snow.
Not a gas vs diesel question here. Just pondering what milage you get vs what my buddy got recently, plus the fact that the op didn't give more specifications on trailer size and such. Might also give him a better idea of he wants to look at a 6.7 or if regearing his 6.2 would be a better option for him.
Torque leaving your engine is multiplied through the tranny gears and axle gears. For simplicity let's say you are currently driving with a tranny gear that has a 1:1 ratio. So the torque leaving the tranny is 1 times that leaving the engine (there is parasitic loss but let's leave that out for simplicity). Then the power goes through the axle. A 3.73 axle gear would multiply your engines torque (430 lb ft at 3800rpms for the new 6.2) and create about 1604 lb ft of torque (again, let's leave out parasitic loss for now). A 4.30 axle would multiply your engines torque by 4.30 and give you about 1849 lb ft of torque. This would be an increase of about 15% torque applied to your rear wheels.
HP is directly related to torque so your hp would increase by 15% also.
You are correct in your assumptions and calculations.
I ignore power ratings generally; that concept (while we all recognize the core intent) is really only torque rated at a particular rpm. Rather than saying "My truck has xxx Ft-Lb at yyyy rpm", it's just a mathematical formula of .... (T x rpm) / 5252. We could just as easily make up a new standard called "toothpaste power" or "elephant power" or "camera power"; as long as we define at what rpm the criteria would measured it, it's all relative.
What moves a vehicle (or makes it resistive to movement) is force. Force is mass x acceleration.
To move the truck forward the "thrust" (measured in pounds of force) needs to be greater than the resistant force of it sitting still. There is static force (a steady state) or dynamic force (acceleration).
Bottom line is this: the quote above (reasonably ignoring the parasitic loss topics) does exactly show how the torque is multiplied.
All you have to do to figure the "force" is divide that rear wheel torque by the diameter of the tire.
Simple HS physics math.

diesel is like 800 ??????
as for Lively... that has been going on since the 1940's. maybe the 30's.
I remember the debates in high school Shop class in like 1965...
Gas/diesel/ high gears/low gears/ tall wheels/low wheels.
Remember, you asked for how much torque and power would increase. So if you put your truck on a chassis dyno with the 3.73 gears and then again with the 4.30 gears you should measure about a 15% increase in torque and power as measured by the chassis dyno. This is done with the engine at wide open throttle. When pulling a camper, a perhaps better way to look at it is the stress on your engine and tranny will be about 15% less. Though I guess it's okay to think of it as having 15% more engine torque...6 of one...half a dozen of the other....
Essentially, it would be the equivlant; yes.
We presume you understand that modifying the gears does not alter the engine's ability to produce torque. It's actually modifying the drain-train ability to multiply torque.
Again, what moves the object is force. The formula to determine this "thrust" (force) is taking the available torque at the rear wheel tire surface, and then dividing by the tire radius (the moment arm). Presuming all other things are not changed (engine stays the same, tranny stays the same, tires stay the same), then the change in rear-diff gearing will produce a relative ratio of change. Going from 3.73 to 4.30 is (roughly) equivilant to a 15% torque multiplier.
If you want to think of it as "engine" multiplication, then it would be essentially the same as adding 60 Ft-LB at the engine, but still having the 3.73 gears. If this helps you understand the relative effect, then so be it.
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