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One way would be with a vacuum gauge. With the gauge connected to manifold vacuum, hold the RPM at about 3000. The vacuum should hold steady with the throttle steady. It'll drop some when you open the throttle but should stay there. If the vacuum starts out OK but then begins to drop, that could indicate plugged exhaust. When the exhaust is clogged, pressure starts to build up at higher RPMs and the cylinder can't push all the spent gasses out. Then it can't pull in as much through the intake, hence the dropping vacuum reading. Other problems could give you the same symptoms (i.e. restricted fuel filter) but with the vacuum gauge you'll see the gauge drop before you feel the engine lose power.
Hope this helps.
Greg
With a plugged cat usually you can hear a difference when you've got one thats plugged, sounds kinda like the vacuum on a street sweeper.
Side note: They didn't start putting cats on until 79? Cool now I don't have to worry about finding a shop to put exhaust on once I get a header for my 76. Thanks I've been wondering.