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The best protection is a properly installed fresh air breathing system, a little pricey but it could save more than money in the long run. Most occasional painters still use the cartridge filters from Lowes, home depot etc. along with plenty of fresh air intake and exhaust while painting. None of these cartridge filters state they are safe for use with isocyanides.
I worked around Iscyanates for years and I would suggest using all the protection you can. You really don't need to breath any of the fumes. I recently had some repair work done which included "iso" in the clear coat. The manager of the business showed me their vent evacuation system, as his brother had died from exposure to "iso" at a different company (I am sure he had been exposed over a long period [painter]). Just don't take chances!
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Don't know if you remember it, but it was an isocyanate compound that killed off 100's of people a few years ago in India. Union Carbide paid millions to settle the lawsuit after they had a chemical leak at one of their plants.
One of the problems with the chemical is that there is no way to tell who or how they will be affected. People have had one time exposure and were affect for the rest of their life. The compound is attracted to water so it attacks areas like your eyes and lungs. For me, it has caused a itchy rash near my wrist where my glove pulled away from my shirt sleeve. There is no treatment available for any of the affects.
Huntsman is right. A fresh air respirator. I use one and a hood. The hood helps protect the eyes. OSHA requires a fresh air repirator. BTW, if you are a DIYer, you don't have to worry about OSHA.
Not that I recommend it, but I have a friend in the full-time business of painting cars. He has used a carbon respirator for few years. He changes the cartiage on a daily basis.
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