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A lot depends on what kind of power you want. Do you want high end power or lowend torque. In either case there is a lot of speed equipment for the 5.0 since they are in Mustangs etc.
The usual hot rod techniques apply, ie better intake, better exhaust are first and usually easiest and cheapest to do. Then we get into the engine where all kinds of expensive mods are possible. Or just stick a blower or N2O on it and be done with it. It all depends on what kind of power you want like I said.
Chips sometimes work. But usually they make the most difference when you mod the engine. They change shift points, advance the timing, increase the dwell of the injectors etc. All of this is good, IF your truck is setup to take advantage of the changes.
I have no idea what you mean by powered injectors.
Good Luck, been there, done that, spent way too much time and money and busted all my knuckles getting there.
The easiest way to enhance your 302's power would be to upgrade it's exhaust system,and swap the stock air filter&airbox out,and replace it with an open element K&N air filter. A "chip" might also work,but adding one to your truck's computer will mean you have to put 91 (or higher)octane gasoline in your gas tank. If you don't your 302 might get a lot of detonation which can cause serious problems.Plus,it will cost you more money at the gas pumps.Your stock injectors&throttle body should not be changed,unless you plan a lot more upgrades.