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I believe the AOD will bolt up since the 351W and 302 share the same bolt pattern. But I don't think AOD's came behind 351's, which was probably because of the AOD's limited torque capacity. So, it should bolt up but it may not last depending on what you are doing with the truck. And, it is absolutely crucial that you get the TV cable properly adjusted.
They did, but in early (83-84ish?) police model crown 'vics, and it didn't last long in stock form. It WILL have to be built up and will need a different converter and flywheel. As well as the TV cable rod/cable PROPERLY set up. Drive shaft may have to be modified. Not a direct swap persay...
I guess I should have qualified my statement. I'm looking at the Ford Truck Master Parts Catalog and they didn't put it behind the 351W in a truck. So that should tell you something.
I don't know of any differences other than different torque converters for the different engines. They are a rugged tranny but they are not efficient. Some on here have replaced them with a manual and have gotten 2 or more MPG improvement depending on which tranny they used - 1:1 or overdrive.
C6's have an integral bell housing. IOW, they don't come off. And one of Ford's "better ideas" was to have a different bolt pattern for each engine series. So a tranny for a 460 also bolts to a 351M/400; one for a 302 also bolts to a 351W and 300 six; and a diesel bolts to a diesel - only.
You think it would make more sense to price a rebuild?
I would. They are usually less than $1000 to rebuild.
One thing I have heard about the AOD is the small shaft that goes through the middle of the input of the tranny to the torque convertor. This small shaft is actually hollowed out so oil can be directed up through the middle of this shaft to apply the lockup to the torque convertor. This is done in overdrive, so when the convertor locks up, all the power is going from the engine through this little hollow shaft into the tranny and then powers the truck. A guy told me a more powerful engine can twist this shaft in two very easily.