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Is it better to have EFI for mpg and offroad? I want an older truck, but I'm not sure I can have EFI with it. Is 1980 the year that f-150's started the efi?
The oldest EFI is either '84 or '85 5.0L, but I'd stick to '87-up for several reasons. '90-up has a better fuel system; '92-up has a better ignition module, body, & interior; '93-up has a better cruise control; '94-95 can have MAF; '96-up is OBD-II MAF and you can't pull your own codes, so I'd avoid them. Even a '94 F-150 can be had for only ~$4000 in reasonable condition, so shop around.
First year for fuel injection was the 85 302 powered trucks. It was a extra cost option. I have it on my 85 and like it although I wouldn't mind a carb. 86 all the 302's had fuel injection. I belive that the inline 6 got it in 87 and then the 460 and 351 got it in 88, that is however based on a kinda fuzzy recolection.
Mass AirFlow - EFI system in which the computer monitors the actual amount of air going in and calculates the correct amount of fuel based on other readings in real-time. Used from '94-current.
On-Board Diagnostics generation 2 - the federally-mandated universal system that monitors emissions (and all other powertrain) functions, and allows ONE type of scantool to work on ALL vehicles sold in the US. Used '96-current.
Speed-Density (SD or MAP) - EFI system in which the computer monitors the Manifold Absolute Pressure sensor and guesses how much air is going in, then looks up the corresponding fuel level from stored tables in memory. Used from '84-95.
Electronic Engine Control generation 4 (EEC-IV) - Ford's original engine computer; later also controlled electronic automatic transmissions. Codes can be pulled using only a jumper wire and watching the Check Engine Light (CEL/MIL). Used '84-95.
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