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Your gear ratio for your diffs is the ratio of turns of the driveshaft/pinion the the turns of the ring gear/tires.
The numbers you mention represent the number of turns of the pinion to one turn of the tires. You may see people say 3.55 or 4.56 gears but it's always to one or 3.55:1. So a 3.55:1 gear ratio means that the drive shaft will turn 3.55 turns for ever one rotation of the tires. A numerically lower ratio, often referred to as "taller" or "higher" gears, is good for fuel economy while a numerically higher ratio, referred to as "lower" is good for torque to pull heavy loads of turn larger tires.
So a 3.08:1 ratio is good for highway use in a truck that doesn't haul much and has stock tires, and a 4.10 ratio is good for a truck that either has larger than factory tires, depending on size, or for a truck that tows/hauls some.
Okay let me go ahead and give you inside I what I'm doing I'm rebuilding the 302 in it now boring it .30 over, gt40 heads & intake, and a good truck cam... So I'm thinking 4.10:1 gears will make that truck haul ***
Should. What size tires are you going to run? 302's are usually lacking in low-end grunt so 4.10:1 would help there. With your "4wd lightning" idea I'd say stick to around 35" tires.
see thats where im kinda screwed cause i just got brand new rims and tires.. 31x10.50s
thats not a big deal. just dont plan on lifting it too much and it will look good and still haul ***. trying to turn huge tires sucks up fuel and power.