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I have a 1981 F150 4x4 that wont start, I turn the key and get a buzzing noise under the hood at the starter solenoid, after a few seconds all power to cab is gone, i turn the key back and get back again for a few seconds. I replaced the starter solenoid last week and the truck ran for a few days and it is now back to the same issue, not sure what the problem is.
You will need a voltmeter. Place the probes of the voltmeter on point #3 and the engine block or point #4. While you are doing this, get someone to try and start the engine. If the voltage on the meter was 12v and then drops to 0 when someone tries to crank it, then your problem is going to be the battery cables, the battery cable connections, or the battery.
If you keep one probe at point #3, and move the other probe from the block to point #2, and then when someone cranks it, the voltage stays up, then the problem is a bad neg battery cable from point #2 to #4.