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A 3 speed with an OD on the tail was available in the 60s. Not sure how long it was available. It was shown in the owners manual of our '66.
A 4 speed OD was available in the late 70s and 80s in cars and half tons. Several configurations, side shift, top shift, integral shift.
If by "standard" you mean manual trans, yes they were. If by "standard" you mean the "standard equipment", no, they were optional in all but probably the Mustang.