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I am not sure how to test them yourself but i know there is a way to clean them that is on another post. It is on "using glow plugs to supper tune the engine" around the fourth or fifth page. I am not sure what number but have read it. Also it might be easier to just by some new ones. I bought mine for $32 and if you only need a couple of them, but it is your choice. Good luck...
sam, ;you'll need a special tool to test the operating pressures of the injectors and its done with them out of the engine. If you have an injection shop in the area, they can do it for you, but i am sure they will tell you to get all new ones or rebuilt ones from them.
you can "test" them in the engine to see if one of them is bad and causing a miss in the engine by "shorting" out each one individually at idle. What you do there is to loosen the top line nut on each injector .. one at a time .. if there is no difference in the idle at any particular injector, that is most likely the bad one.
They are designed to have a "pop off" or opening pressure which opens sprays the fuel but wont let compression back into the barrel. That pressure is up around 1400 psi for new injectors.
Do a search for injection shops in your zip code or a nearby one and you'll be set to go.