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i had my truck scanned the other day and it had a stored code,of egr flow insufficient.so i went and cleaned the egr valve out had the egr sensor checked and everything checked out fine. But on the scanner it also had a stored code of lean mixture,so when the computer sees this it automatically says hey i'm running lean so i think i'll dump a ****load of gas and this will solve everything. Well this is my problem i think i have the first 351 windsor diesel, because it just pours the black smoke out,but it runs fine at idle and still seems to have good power but it just loads up the plugs and it gets around 6 miles to the gallon. I realize i have a one ton but when i first had this truck it got around 12 mpg. So could anyone please help me before i take this damn thing in the shop and pay fortune to get it fixed, because process of elimination does not seem to be working as i have spent a fortune on new parts.
Check the fuel pressure regulator to see if it is working properly. It might not be your problem, but it's free to check it. Pull the vacuum hose off of the regulator and see if any fuel comes out. If you have fuel in the vacuum line, replace the regulator.
i got those exact codes on my 89 351w. i tested the sensor that sits ontop the egr valve. (egr position sensor?) tested per the haynes manual and found an open circuit. $30 later with a new sensor that problem was solved. the only code i was still getting was the "lean mixture on bank1" or something like that. replaced the o2 sensor and i'm golden now.
The coolant temp sensor will do that also. If it is reading the motor as cold it will dump more fuel than it needs. I had one of those black tail pipes also. This cured it on mine. I would also suggest,pulling neg. battery cable for atleast 15 min. So puter will reset itself.