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I finally broke down and got a set of rebuild heads for my 1990 F-150 and started working on the replacement this weekend. I have one question about the whole affair. That is, the components from the old heads, rods and rockers are highly carbonized. Probably 1/32" of hard black coating on everything. I got a can of Gunk cleaner and spend all day trading out parts from the driver side head to get it off. It takes 3-4 30 minutes soaks to get the parts clean. Granted it's an old engine with 160000 miles on it but is this normal?
I was blowing a lot of smoke out of the valve covers which I attributed to shot valves. Compression on all cylinders is still in the 140-160 range. And, I'm pretty religious about changing the oil out at regular intervals since I bought the truck. Was it the hot gasses blowing out of the valves that caused the heavy carbonization or is this normal for an engine this old?
Probably excessively worn valve guides, and worn out or missing stem seals. You can check this once you get the head off. Remove a valve spring with a spring compressor, and try to wiggle the valve with the head just above the seat. It should not move at all on a new head. My guess you have tons of play on your valves.
I've seen high carbon buildup on the neck of valves but never on the actual rockers. Was it ever run hot or anything? 160000 is not a ridiculous amount of miles and the rockers shouldn't have looked very bad.