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Butane should work just the same. A little less energy density if I remember right than propane and butane is also a little bit more difficult to gasify so you may need a little more heat to keep the regulators from freezing up.
The only problem with butane is that it is a lot harder to get a hold off as it is not readily sold commercially like gasoline, diesel, or propane. The key would be to have access to a good cheap butane supply.
A lot of refineries use the butane they generate to manufacture high octane gasoline stock (100+) in a process called propriotory process called "Alkylation" so they typically will not sell butane as they get more bang for the buck by converting it to high octane gasoline.
I have though about Butane but given that I don't have access to a reliable, cheap supply that would be readyly available it will remain just that, a thought.
Here in France butane is readily available just about everywhere,there are 35 kilo bottles and down to 2 kilo bottles for camping. The 35 kilo bottles cost about $23.00 but they are pretty big, I was thinking of a smaller container just to give my engine a "kick" at the green light!
I have not seen any large (35 kilo) bottles of butane around here. Most campers use propane which is available at many corner gas stations. You can usually get a standard 20 lb BBQ tank filled for about $15 to $20 CDN.
Strictly for a fuel point of view propane and butane are not that different.
Just be careful, butane and propane are a lot more dangerous than Diesel Fuel when it comes to handling and storage. Good luck.