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do you mean the limits as far as the amount of force that is able to be transferred through it?? or do you mean the amount of force you could put on the top before it would crush?
Driving it on the street, all of it will hold except for the clutch. Pulling or racing it....well the 10.5" rear is stronger than a D60, may have trouble with the D50 front if equipt. The 283 t-case is pretty strong...but it is aluminum. You can't make enough power to kill the ZF-6, it put's the NV4500 to shame.
You might get some good answers from Brian's Truck Stop, the builder of the famous BTS transmission.
That's who I would send you too as well. You may have seen a video floating around on the net of a Ford truck running an 11.2 in the 1/4 mile at some drag strip in Las Vegas. That truck also has a 12V Cummins motor in it, making over 1000 hp. That motor is backed by none other than a BTS transmission.
The stock tranny in a Powerstroke won't stand up to much more than around 350 hp at the rear wheels. It definately won't do for what you've got planned. Give Brian a call and tell him your plans. He should work with you. Go to www.brianstruckshop.com to get the phone number.
Edit: I missed the part about the 6-speed. My post is talking about the automatics in the Fords.
the 10.5 sterling rear is definatly not your weak point no worries there. that tcase will take a pretty good beating as long as the chain isn't old and stretched (might be worth the money to go through it before your engine is in and running) For the drive shafts I would replace the ujoints with a good quality units, greasable is fine if not going to be used offroad, but if you plan on seeing a lot of mud and water with it go with the none greasable type. I also would take the driveshafts into a reputable driveline shop and have them balanced, properly balanced they will last much, much longer. the major weak point is going to be that D50 front, that thing isn't sufficent with a stock 7.3 let alone something with some power coming out of it. and if your running anything bigger than stock tires your going to be going through unit bearings regularly and at $270 each approx plus labor of putting them in thats not fun look for a kingpin D60 and swap it out.
I think others have covered the trans already so will leave that were it's at.