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It is usually caused by carbon buildup in the combustion chambers causing hot spots that fire the mixture before the plugs do, a non functioning EGR system, a lean fuel mixture, ofr the timing too far advanced. Pinging is hard on pistons and such because it is the result of a violent occurance of two flame fronts crashing together in the cylinders. This is why most newer vehicles have knock sensors to automatically retard the timing to keep the engine from being damaged.