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I'm considering purchasing this truck but I've researched myself into a hole and would appreciate some community knowledge.
I would want to do a diesel repower and my first thought is always a 5.9 Cummins. However, I've read conflicting information with some advocating an 8.3 and others saying a 5.9 and even more still pushing for a 3208 or a DT. I'm not brandist and I'm more concerned with reliability and having the right amount of power for the job.
That being said, I currently operate a 12v 5.9 with a standard and a 24v 5.9 with an auto. I would hesitate greatly on installing the 12v in the 600. Sure, it will get there, but it would be a slow experience. The 24v is a different story. However, I've experienced a greater amount of technical difficulties with the 24v, whereas the 12v just continues to work and has never left me stranded like the 24v.
I should also mention that the greatest load I would haul would be 10k payload and a 3.5k bumper pull.
10k payload will put you at like 10 tons gross, plus the trailer and you're pushing 12 tons. That's within what a 6bt could do but like you said, the mdt trucks with a 6bt tended to have really low gears and didn't go anywhere in a hurry... A 6bt can be tuned but with a heavy truck like that egt's and coolant/oil Temps will have to be monitored. Plus the "bro" tax on 6bt's at the moment means an 8.3 will probably be the same cost or cheaper. Id also look at the dt466 international engine, it's very tunable and very reliable.
Ideally you'll get a p pump with whatever engine you get and an sae bellhousing that will accept a decent transmission. 13 speed road Ranger with an od would be best if you don't mind shifting, but a solid od mdt trans with at least 7 or 8 forward speeds will do.
It's really entirely up to you... Any of the engines mentioned are capable of doing the job with the right accessories.
With proper gearing and some tuning, the 5.9 would handle any load the 600 could haul... and when empty could possibly make decent mileage as well.
We have a 98 Dodge 12 valve on the farm with 200k on it and it has been reasonably reliable, while being amazingly efficient. When loaded down it won't win races against newer diesles, but it will lug any load you hook it to.
I ran a couple of mid eighties 1800 gallon water tankers powered by the dt466, one natural and one turbo. The natural would get the job done, the turbo was a dream to drive. No problems with either. 1800 gallons of water weighs ~ 15,000 lbs. Funny how the turbo was bought after some experience with the naturally aspirated IH.
These were probably 28,000-30,000 lb trucks. About as big as you can go with a single axle.
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