Have you started reading this thread on turbocharging yet?
There are a few other great threads as well.

Read up what's here already, and ask some follow up questions after.

 

On 8psi or less the stock motor will handle fine if it is in good working condition. Intake and exhaust manifold are stock since I'm using a remote turbo set up.
You will either have to figure out a way to get extra fuel to the motor under boost by ramping up the fuel pressure with the boost, add extra injectors that come on with boost, try to tune factory computer ( good luck with that), or run a stand alone like mega squirt or some other systems. There are a lot more options now then when I started.

 

Quick down and dirty turbo setup

HX35
Walbro 255hp
MSD 6btm
12-1 fmu

Starting out, you're going to want to keep it under 10psi, I'd put a big front mount on it and run 12-15psi if you aren't towing.

Rear mount setup, gotta get oil back to the pan. Use a mechanical fuel pump if the block still has a provision for it. Use a catch can fit turbo drain, and the diaphragm pump doesn't care if it pumps it dry.

 

You do indeed need a computer to run your turbo.

 

Maf conversion and quarterhorse will do the trick.
Then you can swap injectors and optimize fuel and timing curve.

Low boost, you can get away with MSD6btm and fmu. We did it on speed density mustangs for years with 6-12psi.

 

I read a similar build 10 years ago. He used a bigger throttle body from a 460 too.
400 torque to the rear wheels on a stock lower end isn't too shabby. Have you tried an intercooler? I've been eyeballing those fluid to air ones from the 2012 and up Power Strokes. Cheap and probably better, (and more compact) than an air to air.