General Question About locking hubs
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BTW, even the F450 comes with optional electrically locking hubs but I don't know if they are any good. I guess I'll find out when Ford makes me one.
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No power is going to the front driveshaft yet. That doesn't happen until you shift your transfer case.
This system operates the same way as the F-150 in your signature.
The front driveshaft does have a slight angle to it where it connects to the front of the transfer case, but there is a CV-style (double u-joint) joint so that's not an issue.
My SD, I've had (and did just the other day) gone up to 90MPH with the front hubs locked and it can NOT BE FELT AT ALL.
If you have any vibration from the front driveline with the hubs locked, get it fixed, something's wrong.
Mileage? Not enough to matter. I run with the hubs locked plenty of times, and the ONLY time it really matters is when you do a lot of stop-and-go.
The friction from the front driveline is almost nothing compared to moving a 7000+ lbs vehicle. With the hubs unlocked and transfer case in 4x2 (2-wheel drive), try turning the front driveshaft by hand. It should be nice and smooth and if you spin the driveshaft fast enough and let go, it should spin on it's own a half turn or more. If it's ratchety or in any way not smooth (with the front wheels pointed straight), again, something's wrong.
The rotational weight of the front driveline MAY effect your mileage is you're doing a lot of stop-and-go.
Wear on the front driveline? Nothing to be worried about. Like someone else said, it's recommended to lock the front hubs once a month or so to keep everything lubed - including the seals.
Matter of fact, the little needle bearings inside the front wheel bearing where the front axles ride are turning when the hubs are NOT locked. So, without the hubs locked, you put a lot of wear-and-tear on those needle bearings. Nothing to be worried about

With the hubs locked, and the wheels turned, you will feel a little knocking or other noise. This is NORMAL - the front axle u-joints are not CV joints, and the rotational velocity of the axle is not constant so you will get a little weird feeling (or noise) with the wheels turned, hubs locked, and moving. Again, not an issue.
Good luck with whatever you choose to do! And report back when you get the truck







