I have a '90 Ranger, 2.3L, 4cyl, 2wd with what I believe to be the Mazda M5OD 5-speed manual transmission
door post label trans code: M
trans plate: F07A , HB , A104288

Truck will not start unless clutch is depressed - good.
Clutch pedal has good pressure and reservoir has adequate fluid - good.
Transmission has adequate fluid at check/fill point - good.

Problems :
no forward (1st thru 5th) or reverse when disengaging clutch
transmission can be shifted between all gears without grinding when clutch is engaged or disengaged.

what is the proper method for confirming the clutch master cylinder, clutch slave cylinder, and/or clutch disk and plate are functional?

 

ya didnt say how many miles and if the clutch has ever been replaced. My son had a car with the same conditions, pulled the trans and the clutch disk had flat worn out and disintegrated so there was nothing to make contact with the pressure plate and flywheel.

you will need to pull the transmission and check everything out. Then R&R everything while it is apart.