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Well, in the 80+ range, front axle ID is pretty simple, measure the hub diameter. 3.25" = D44. 4" = D50/D60, so ya gotta look underneath to see if it bends in the middle.
I would assume the hub diameter is the same for earlier models.....
One of the easiest ways is to check the size of the cover bolts. 1/2=d44 and 9/16= D60
X3 i always carry a 9/16-1/2 combo wrench when i check out a truck, not everyone knows what they have up front for an axle and every now and then you unwittingly hit the D60 jackpot, so much has been swapped out over the years on these trucks a D60 could be under anything.