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Any number of things can cause it. Worn valve guides or seals, bad piston rings, leaking intake manifold gasket, worn out PVC valve, to name a few. A leak down test can tell you if the valves or rings are the source if you see a lot of smoke with the oil cap off while it is running.
Well there is the backyard mechanic way, do a compression check like normal and write all the #'s down. Go back and do it again but this time add some oil to the cylinders. If the pressure goes up then the rings are bad. A leak down test is more relieable though.