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Oh sorry, i didn't know about that other way of getting codes. My second gen camaros never had that option haha. so excuse my ignorance. Anyways, i believe the answer to your question is no. you need a scanner to get the codes.
a scanner is the only way on our trucks. but to answer you question... the "morse code" could be looked up in most repair manuels. my old '89 dodge ram would flash codes after 5 key cycles
in the superdutys if you hold the trip meter button and then turn the key on while continuing to hold the trip button, the digital odometer will display codes in writing, and you can actually cycle through a few options, it can display codes, be a digital rpm gauge turn on all the lights on the dash to test and a few more i cant recall