|
|
80-96-list-digest Saturday, July 25 1998 Volume 02 : Number 257 ======================================================================= Ford Truck Enthusiasts - 1980-1996 Trucks and Vans Visit our web site: http://www.ford-trucks.com/ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - To unsubscribe, send email to: majordomo with the words "unsubscribe 80-96-list-digest" in the body of the message. ======================================================================= In this issue: FTE 80-96 - AOD in trucks, etc.... FTE 80-96 - Synthetics, tires and shocks..... RE: FTE 80-96 - 1980 Ford Ranger Re: FTE 80-96 - Poor gas mileage on PSD FTE 80-96 - gear ratio program Re: FTE 80-96 - AOD in trucks, etc.... FTE 80-96 - Re: PSD Mileage FTE 80-96 - AOD's Re: FTE 80-96 - AOD in trucks, etc.... Re: FTE 80-96 - Synthetics, tires and shocks..... FTE 80-96 - Introduction RE: FTE 80-96 - Poor gas mileage on PSD FTE 80-96 - Fuel gauge sticking Re: FTE 80-96 - Fuel gauge sticking FTE 80-96 - Re: Manual Stick/ Rear Main Re: FTE 80-96 - Fuel gauge sticking Re: FTE 80-96 - AOD in trucks, etc.... Re: FTE 80-96 - Fuel gauge sticking Re: FTE 80-96 - Fuel gauge sticking Re: FTE 80-96 - Fuel gauge sticking FTE 80-96 - Power Window Screech. Re: FTE 80-96 - Power Window Screech. RE: FTE 80-96 - Power Window Screech. FTE 80-96 - Re: AOD ======================================================================= ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 05:10:12 PDT From: "Jorge Ramirez" Subject: FTE 80-96 - AOD in trucks, etc.... Date: Thu, 23 Jul 1998 21:24:37 -0800 From: Ralph Lindberg & Ellen Winnie Subject: Re: FTE 80-96 - AOD trans Some how I thought that only cars/mini-vans/etc got the AOD and trucks/etc get the E4OD, is this not true then? %%%%%%%%% Ralph, my owners manual even has a section for the AOD in it. I don't know if this was an option or the base trans., since I bought used. My build date was 10/92, maybe they started installing E4ODs later in the production cycle. To everyone else, thanks for the UPLIFTING info, I dont know why the trans was replaced at approx 60K miles. BUT, not a problem, I know for a fact that it was a rebuilt trans that was installed, since I went to the trans shop and asked. I would guess I can expect another 60K miles from this one. Sorry for the long post, Jorge E. Ramirez ______________________________________________________ == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 06:00:05 PDT From: "Jorge Ramirez" Subject: FTE 80-96 - Synthetics, tires and shocks..... Hello list... Any body out there using synthetic oils and/or synth trans fluids, what brands?? I have Michelin LTX M/S, LT235/75X15 with 45PSI, does this sound right. The door jam sticker says P235/75X15 at 35PSI. Any ideas on DECENT quality after market shocks. Edelbrock are too expensive, Ranchos, KYB, any body else's product. TIA, Jorge E. Ramirez ______________________________________________________ == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 09:10:52 -0400 From: "John Meade" Subject: RE: FTE 80-96 - 1980 Ford Ranger Been down that road. The best thing to do is ask an auto glass shop to remove and replace the windshield trim for you. A local shop did mine without charge. Removal is not too bad because primer and top coat will cover up the scratches. Replacing trim yourself could be disastrous. A glass shop has the tools and experience. - -----Original Message----- From: owner-80-96-list [mailto:owner-80-96-list Sent: Thursday, July 23, 1998 6:39 PM To: 80-96-list Subject: FTE 80-96 - 1980 Ford Ranger I am currently preparing a 1980 for Ranger Extended Cab for painting. The cab top and hood have a lot of surface rust. Does anyone know how to remove the trim from around the windshield. I would like to save the trim if possible. Is the trim held on with clips or what? Any and all help and suggestions would be appreciated. == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 08:30:00 -0500 From: Gary Spradley Subject: Re: FTE 80-96 - Poor gas mileage on PSD >Date: Thu, 23 Jul 1998 10:06:42 -0400 >From: Doug Tinsman >Subject: Re: FTE 80-96 - Poor gas mileage on PSD >Can't be practically done in my opinion. >David Butts wrote: > What size tires are needed to give an effective ratio of 3.55? When you > have 4.10 gears. Dropping to a tire at least 4" smaller in diameter with 3.55 gears will yield an effective ration of 4.07 Gary Spradley 84 F150 4X4 359 Windsor (yes 359) == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 08:37:12 -0500 From: Gary Spradley Subject: FTE 80-96 - gear ratio program Hello folks, I have written a small program in Visual Basic 5.0 that will calculate gear ratios based on tire sizes, rpm, speed etc... If you know three of the above four variables, it will give you the other. It also does metric to American tire size conversions and can also help with changing speedometer drive gears after changing gear ratio. I'm not finished with it but if anyone would like to try it out, let me know via email and I'll make provisions to get it to you. Gary Spradley 84 F150 4X4 spradley == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 06:46:43 -0800 From: Ralph Lindberg & Ellen Winnie Subject: Re: FTE 80-96 - AOD in trucks, etc.... >Ralph, my owners manual even has a section for the AOD in it. I don't >know if this was an option or the base trans., since I bought used. >My build date was 10/92, maybe they started installing E4ODs later in >the production cycle. Eh, my build date (92 F-150 supercab), is almost a year yearlier then that, and it came with a E4OD. Don't remember if the AOD was available since I wanted a tow vehicle Ralph Lindberg N7BSN ICQ 5988954 RV and Camping FAQ Just because MS-Window's holds 90% of the market doesn't mean it's superior. Remember 90% of all animals are insects. Ralph Lindberg N7BSN e-mail to rlindber RV and Camping FAQ They call it "Sur'n the Net" 'cause you can wipe out so easy == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 10:22:22 EDT From: JDavis1277 Subject: FTE 80-96 - Re: PSD Mileage Chris, All this talk about changing tire sizes or rear end ratios lacks practicality. Your economy depends on one factor if nothing is wrong with your engine. How much work is the engine doing! Work can be measured by load, speed, grade, rolling resistance (tire pressure), wind resistance, etc. On my turbocharged, non-PSD 7.3 diesel SC with E4OD and 4.10 rear I routinely get an honest 18 mpg at 65-70 on the Interstate with one pax. Around town it delivers maybe 15-18 and on the Interstate towing my 5th wheel trailer at 65 it delivers about 10 mpg. Your heavier CC may not do as well, but should be pretty close. The first thing you should consider is going to your dealer (or, maybe better, to a Navistar dealer) and demanding a solution to your problem. Next, and please don't blow this off, examine your driving habits. Do you like to zoom off the line when the light changes? I do, but it burns fuel. What tire pressure are you maintaining? Try 65 psi F/R for awhile. How about your boat trailer? Are the trailer tires inflated to the max sidewall pressure? Have you checked the brakes lately...the wheel bearings? Is there any chance your truck's rear brakes are adjusted a little tight? How is the parking brake adjustment? If you have E4OD are you using the overdrive (assume you are based on your RPM at 65 mph) when you tow? You should. Did you put a bug deflector on the hood? A common problem with deflectors is that they can starve the intake air causing smoke, low power, and extra fuel consumption. Anyway, this is not all inclusive, but a few small things can add up over time to steal your hard earned $. Good luck with this problem and please keep us informed when you get the solution. Thanks, Butch Davis- == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 06:35:08 From: yhtlines Subject: FTE 80-96 - AOD's My son bought an 88 F150 4x with an AOD with 120k on it 18 months ago. It now has 155k. (He drives a lot!). It was shifting erratically, and we did two things. 1) leave it in drive around town, only using OD on the road. 2) Completely changed the fluid and filter. It had the normal clutch powder residue collected in the pan, and filter, but no chunks. Changed the fluid and then felt it become a lot better shifting trans. When I say changed completely, I mean I disconnected the cooler tubing and pumped out all the old stuff, and drained the two trans and radiator coolers. Also installed a drain plug on the bottom of the trans pan to make future fluid changes easier. If I remember, ATF is alcohol based(?). Although it is not exposed to combustion products like the engine is, trans fluid sees a lot of heat and pressure, and IMHO needs to be changed a lot more often than recommended, esp if your goal is to have the trans last well over 100k. Dave Lampert == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 11:07:15 -0400 From: "C. E. White" Subject: Re: FTE 80-96 - AOD in trucks, etc.... The E40D was an option on '92 F-150's. In my case it was part of a special option with the 300CID Inline 6 and didn't cost anything...at least so far. The transmission has already scared me once by pumping all the fluid out the front. Seems OK now...but for how long? Ed Ralph Lindberg & Ellen Winnie wrote: > >Ralph, my owners manual even has a section for the AOD in it. I don't > >know if this was an option or the base trans., since I bought used. > >My build date was 10/92, maybe they started installing E4ODs later in > >the production cycle. > Eh, my build date (92 F-150 supercab), is almost a year yearlier then > that, and it came with a E4OD. Don't remember if the AOD was available > since I wanted a tow vehicle > > Ralph Lindberg N7BSN ICQ 5988954 > RV and Camping FAQ > Just because MS-Window's holds 90% of the market doesn't mean it's > superior. Remember 90% of all animals are insects. > > > Ralph Lindberg N7BSN e-mail to rlindber > RV and Camping FAQ > They call it "Sur'n the Net" 'cause you can wipe out so easy > > == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 10:29:37 -0500 From: "Rick Wojciechowski" Subject: Re: FTE 80-96 - Synthetics, tires and shocks..... Jorge Ramirez wrote: > Hello list... > > Any body out there using synthetic oils and/or synth trans fluids, what > brands?? > > I have Michelin LTX M/S, LT235/75X15 with 45PSI, does this sound right. > The door jam sticker says P235/75X15 at 35PSI. Jorge, There is a couple of variables you have to work with. First the label on your truck tells you what the PSI should. BUT you also have to look on the tires as to what the max rating is according to that brand tire. You do not want to exceed the max rating on the tire. As a matter of fact it is better to stay under the max rating. What I do is split the difference. In your case, if the door jam says 35 psi and the max tire rating(on the tire) says 45 psi, then I would put in 40 psi. - -- Thanks, Rick Wojo '83 Fsize BRONCO,Stock I-6,"The BROWN BULL",33x12.5x15-Mud Blasters '92 Mstng 5.0L '95 eclipse-Wife's(For Sale) == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 12:40:20 -0500 From: "LeRoy Wolff" Subject: FTE 80-96 - Introduction Fellow Ford Truck Owners: This is my first message to this list. So an introduction is in order. I was sold on Fords by my Dad who used them to earn a living. He hauled bulk sacks of U.S. Mail to small rural post offices here in North Dakota. He began driving Ford F 100's and F 150's starting in 1970, and bought a new Ford every year up until 1994, when he had to quit due to illness. What he needed was a truck that was dependable and fuel efficient. He had 302 V8's up until 1980. Then he switched to the 300 six in 1980. He fell in love with the 1980 Ford, he said that he was getting 20 miles per gallon. In 1984 I bought a new Ford F 150 2wd with the three speed and overdrive manual transmission. I am a plumber and that Ford and I have done a lot of work together. The only problem I have ever had so far is an ignition module, and a voltage regulator. Also I had to take the carburetor off and tighten the screws on the bottom side of it. I have 90 thousand miles on my Ford and hope to get many more years of use out of it. The body is very rusty and looks like it's been to war, but it runs so quiet and smooth ! I enjoy reading the messages you guys send and I will give some advice if I feel I have the answer to a question. Have a good weekend you guys ! LeRoy Wolff Wimbledon North Dakota == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 12:44:25 -0500 From: "Beaman, James" Subject: RE: FTE 80-96 - Poor gas mileage on PSD Bruce Ramirez wrote: > Take your tire diameter, multiply it by 4.10. Take the sum and divide it > by 3.55. The end total will be the new tire diameter. For a tire size, > 235/75R15 to calculate the diameter use this formula: 235x75x2=35250 > divide by 2540=13.878+15=28.878" diameter. > Using this formula with David's 235/85R16 tires which he most likely has on his PSD, his tire diameter calculates to 31.7 inches. He would need a tire diameter of 36.6 inches to achieve an effective 3.55:1 ratio. He could do this but it would mean new wheels since the only tires in this big fit either 15" or 16.5" wheels. Add a lift kit and the new tires (at least $170.00 each in this size) and it would be cheaper to just have a gear shop install the taller gearing. James Beaman james.beaman Houston, Texas == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 13:02:27 -0500 From: "Beaman, James" Subject: FTE 80-96 - Fuel gauge sticking After having the in-tank fuel pump go out on the front tank of my '92 Supercab F250, I recently replaced it and installed a new sending unit at the same time. Now, a few tanks of gas later, the fuel gauge always reads just under full no matter how much gas is in that tank. This is only when I am running on that tank. When running on the rear tank, the fuel gauge runs fine. Any electrical experts out there care to venture a guess as to where I should start looking for the solution to this problem? James Beaman james.beaman Houston, Texas == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 14:28:55 EDT From: Bakend Subject: Re: FTE 80-96 - Fuel gauge sticking Sounds like the sending unit float must have hung up when the tank was filled to full. I'd start with that first. D Baken == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 10:35:54 -0800 From: Casey Vandor Subject: FTE 80-96 - Re: Manual Stick/ Rear Main Everythings out, I am just waiting for parts now...... I also can't get the weather stripping becasue JC whitney will not send "oversise to Alaska" How do they consider it oversize? it can be pakaged into a little roll and mailed. Anyway, I found some "power lube" at napa and gave it a try, I was able to get the crossmember out then. Hopefully the clutch will get here soon, I miss driving the truck. Thanks Casey == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 14:40:32 -0400 From: "Michael J. Pasznik, Jr." Subject: Re: FTE 80-96 - Fuel gauge sticking It sounds like a stuck float on the sending unit in your front gas tank. It's possible that something might have gotten jammed or bent during installation (not to take anything away from your skills ;-), or the float may have completely come off the end of the lever inside there. I'm pretty sure that if it were a broken wire external to the sending unit the gauge would read "Empty" instead of just below "Full". I'm not positive on this one though. I'd check the sending unit, but that's just my opinion. :) - -Mike Pasznik - ---------- From: Beaman, James To: '80-96-list Subject: FTE 80-96 - Fuel gauge sticking Date: Friday, July 24, 1998 2:02 PM After having the in-tank fuel pump go out on the front tank of my '92 Supercab F250, I recently replaced it and installed a new sending unit at the same time. Now, a few tanks of gas later, the fuel gauge always reads just under full no matter how much gas is in that tank. This is only when I am running on that tank. When running on the rear tank, the fuel gauge runs fine. Any electrical experts out there care to venture a guess as to where I should start looking for the solution to this problem? James Beaman james.beaman Houston, Texas == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 13:58:52 -0500 From: "David J. Baldwin" Subject: Re: FTE 80-96 - AOD in trucks, etc.... Jorge Ramirez wrote: > Some how I thought that only cars/mini-vans/etc got the AOD and > trucks/etc get the E4OD, is this not true then? AOD/AODE transmissions ended up in trucks--I have an AODE in my '95. All of the ones I've heard of are on 5.0L/302CID engines, but I'm not sure if this is true. I have a hunch that this combo makes its way into trucks because of the Mustang/Cougar/T-bird, which all had the 5.0L/AODE combination as well. The F-series brings a lot of production volume for this powertrain which helps bring down cost. This is only a hunch though. The E4OD is a stronger unit. Anyone know if AODE-equipped vehicles can get a direct swap to the E4OD (kind of "plug-n-play"). Same harness connector, EEC shift strategy? - -- Dave Baldwin Dallas, TX - -------------------------------------------------------------- == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 16:24:12 -0400 From: D Robertson Subject: Re: FTE 80-96 - Fuel gauge sticking The easiest way would proably be to cross the wires. Put the sending wire from the working tank on to the bad tank and see if the gauge reads. If the gauge reads okay then the other wire is bad , if it still does not read correct then it is most likely the sending unit. You may have to lengthen the wires with aligator clips , watch for sparks ! Dave == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 16:22:01 -0700 From: Randy Subject: Re: FTE 80-96 - Fuel gauge sticking I'll VENTURE an opinion or two, If I remember right Ford has the units set up to send MORE ohms to the gauge when the tank is EMPTY and LESS when it is full. I'd double check your connections first, you may have a bad connection w/a lot of resistance for the signal. It could be a bad unit of course, too. We know it's not your gauge and since you replaced the sending unit the problem obviously lies there. You could use an ohms meter and probe into the wires (good luck getting access) to see how much it is sending. The other possibility (if I'm right on the ohms thing of course) could be that the float is NOT working at all, hence sending LESS ohmage to the gauge. Since it sounds like you replaced the sending unit as a preventive measure (you thought anyway), you might put the old one back on just to see what it reads (provided you didn't throw it out of course). Let us know what happens. Later, Randy (Brew) Beaman, James wrote: > > After having the in-tank fuel pump go out on the front tank of my '92 > Supercab F250, I recently replaced it and installed a new sending unit at > the same time. Now, a few tanks of gas later, the fuel gauge always reads > just under full no matter how much gas is in that tank. This is only when I > am running on that tank. When running on the rear tank, the fuel gauge runs > fine. Any electrical experts out there care to venture a guess as to where > I should start looking for the solution to this problem? > > James Beaman > james.beaman > Houston, Texas > == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 16:13:06 -0500 From: Paul Olson Subject: Re: FTE 80-96 - Fuel gauge sticking Randy wrote: > I'll VENTURE an opinion or two, > If I remember right Ford has the units set up to send MORE ohms to > the gauge when the tank is EMPTY and LESS when it is full. I'd double > check your connections first, you may have a bad connection w/a lot of > resistance for the signal. It could be a bad unit of course, too. We > know it's not your gauge and since you replaced the sending unit the > problem obviously lies there. You could use an ohms meter and probe > into the wires (good luck getting access) to see how much it is > sending. The other possibility (if I'm right on the ohms thing of > course) could be that the float is NOT working at all, hence sending > LESS ohmage to the gauge. Since it sounds like you replaced the > sending unit as a preventive measure (you thought anyway), you might > put the old one back on just to see what it reads (provided you didn't > throw it out of course). Let us know what happens. > Later, > Randy (Brew) > > Beaman, James wrote: > > > > After having the in-tank fuel pump go out on the front tank of my '92 > > Supercab F250, I recently replaced it and installed a new sending unit at > > the same time. Now, a few tanks of gas later, the fuel gauge always reads > > just under full no matter how much gas is in that tank. This is only when I > > am running on that tank. When running on the rear tank, the fuel gauge runs > > fine. Any electrical experts out there care to venture a guess as to where > > I should start looking for the solution to this problem? > > > > James Beaman > > james.beaman > > Houston, Texas > > == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html > == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html I am not 100% sure, but I think that to save a wire, the float is a tied to chassis ground on one side and to the gauge on the other. If that wire were shorted out it may show a full tank all the time. I am pretty sure that a broken wire would show an empty tank. The only other things I can think of are a stuck or faulty float. Good luck, Paul == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 18:10:35 -0700 From: "Gerald L. Hinkle Jr. CPA" Subject: FTE 80-96 - Power Window Screech. Hello list, I though maybe one of you guys can help me. The power windows (both) on by 1994 F-350 make an awful high pitched screeeech noise when being raised. I am thinking of removing the door panels and applying fresh grease to the gears, but it sounds like it may be related to the window gasget or rubber/felt (term unknown). I have window tint. Truck is low miles and well cared for. (rather than a farm truck used on dusty roads constantly) Any ideas or suggestions? Thanks in advance. Jerry Hinkle Jr. CPA "RULEMAKER" 94 F-350 Crew Cab 4x4 "LTS-ROK" 80 JEEP CJ-5 == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 20:22:48 -0500 From: "LeRoy Wolff" Subject: Re: FTE 80-96 - Power Window Screech. - ---------- > From: Gerald L. Hinkle Jr. CPA > Hello list, I though maybe one of you guys can help me. The power windows > (both) on by 1994 F-350 make an awful high pitched screeeech noise when > being raised. Try some silicon spray on the window seals. LeRoy Wolff Wimbledon, North Dakota == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 20:24:47 -0600 From: "Brian Soderblom" Subject: RE: FTE 80-96 - Power Window Screech. > ---------- > > From: Gerald L. Hinkle Jr. CPA > > > Hello list, I though maybe one of you guys can help me. The power > windows > > (both) on by 1994 F-350 make an awful high pitched > screeeech noise when > > being raised. > > Try some silicon spray on the window seals. > Check the seals. If they're cracked, replace them... you can end up scratching the glass if you're not careful. Brian == FTE: Uns*bscribe and posting info www.ford-trucks.com/faq.html ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 22:26:03 -0100 From: "John Thornton" Subject: FTE 80-96 - Re: AOD When I bought my 93 F150 5.0 AOD it had 85k on it. The guy told me that the tranny was going to have to be replaced. It would not go in reverse when warm and shiftted ruff. I talked to a couple of different shops for.... To access the rest of this feature you must be a logged in Registered User Of Ford Truck Enthusiasts
Registration is free, easy and gives you access to more features.
If you are already logged in and are seeing this message, your web browser is blocking session
cookies. Change your browser cookie settings to allow session cookies.
Advertising -
Terms of Use - Privacy Policy -
Jobs
This forum is owned and operated by Internet Brands, Inc., a Delaware corporation. It is not authorized or endorsed by the Ford Motor Company and is not affiliated with the Ford Motor Company or its related companies in any way. Ford is a registered trademark of the Ford Motor Company.
|